The Ukrainian sector has long been a dominant source in the sunflower oil market. Both crude and refined product supply different markets, where the technical spec including free fatty acid content, water content and peroxide levels. Bulk shipment is by flexitank or in bulk according to volume.
Commodity purchase agreements depend on precise specification. In wheat contracts the protein level remains the primary variable, alongside moisture levels and this agricultural exporter impurity limits. Corn is graded according to moisture, broken grain and damage. Independent inspection on loading is standard practice for everyone involved.
Incoterms establish where responsibility passes from supplier and purchaser. With FOB the seller places goods on board after which the importer carries onward cost and risk. Under CIF covers those elements to the named port. Which term suits you depends on who can arrange freight more cheaply.
Ukraine is a major global supplier for grain and vegetable oils. Those buying in bulk generally deal on FOB and CIF arrangements, which determine which party carries transport and insurance. Product specification should be agreed contractually – moisture and protein plus tolerances.